# CVE-2025-23061: mongoosejs Mongoose

- Exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Published: 2025-01-15
- CVSS: 9 CRITICAL (v3.1)
- EPSS: 7.2% (94th percentile)
- CWE: CWE-94

Mongoose before 8.9.5 can improperly use a nested $where filter with a populate() match, leading to search injection. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-53900.

## Edge WAF coverage (claimed by vendors, not measured)

| Vendor | Status | First rule | Days after publication |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cloudflare | Blocks by default | 2025-07-28 | 194 |
| AWS | No public claim | — | — |
| Microsoft Azure | No public claim | — | — |
| Google Cloud | No public claim | — | — |
| Fastly | Before feed history | — | — |
| F5 | Rule published | 2025-03-11 | 55 |
| Akamai | No public source | — | — |
| OWASP CRS | No public claim | — | — |

### Cloudflare

- 2025-07-28 · new · rule f9e01e28c5d6499cac66364b4b6a5bb1 · default Block
  > MongoDB - Remote Code Execution - CVE:CVE-2024-53900, CVE:CVE-2025-23061. Previous action: Log. New action: Block. This is a New Detection
  Source: https://developers.cloudflare.com/changelog/post/2025-07-28-waf-release/
- 2025-07-28 · new · rule 700d4fcc7b1f481a80cbeee5688f8e79 · default Block
  > MongoDB - Remote Code Execution - CVE:CVE-2024-53900, CVE:CVE-2025-23061. Previous action: Log. New action: Block. This is a New Detection
  Source: https://developers.cloudflare.com/changelog/post/2025-07-28-waf-release/

### F5

- 2025-03-11 · new · rule 200204008
  > Added: signature 200204008 "Mongoose Remote Code Execution" (Server Side Code Injection, risk High), systems: MongoDB, JavaScript. References: CVE-2025-23061, CVE-2024-53900.
  Source: https://docs.cloud.f5.com/docs-v2/platform/changelogs/security-details-changelog

## Our test (measured)

- OWASP Core Rule Set 4.25.0, paranoia level 1, anomaly threshold 5, default CRS settings: blocked (1 of 1 requests blocked), template CVE-2025-23061, 2026-11-02
- OWASP Core Rule Set 4.25.0, paranoia level 2, anomaly threshold 5, default CRS settings: blocked (1 of 1 requests blocked), template CVE-2025-23061, 2026-11-02

"No public claim" means no vendor statement names this CVE; "Before feed history" means the CVE is older than the vendor feed. In both cases generic rules may still block it.

HTML: https://cve.vigilbase.com/cve/CVE-2025-23061 · JSON: https://cve.vigilbase.com/api/v1/cves/CVE-2025-23061